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Indian Art at Delhi-1903

The volume was first published as a Catalogue and Guide to the Indian Art Exhibition held at Delhi ‘to concide with the Durbar of 1902-03’. The volume is a unique work of documentation of ninteenth-century indian craftsmanship. The text is enriched with graphic representation of rare specimens of Indian artistry. Its usefulness as ‘a gazetteer and an ethnographical dictionary’ makes it invaluable for the students engaged in research of the history of craft and industry in India.

Silparatnakosa of Sthapaka Niranjana Mahapatra: A Glossary of Orissan Temple Architecture

The Silparatnakosa is a 17th century Orissan text composed by Sthapaka Niranjana Mahapatra describing all the parts of the temple types of Orissa such as the Manjusri and Khakara. It also contains a section on sculpture on image-making (Pratimalaksana). This text though much later than the temples described reflects the still living tradition and it contributes much to clarify the terminology of Orissan temple architecture. The text has been edited from three palmleaf MSS and translated with numerous illustrations.

Silpa Prakasa by Ramacandra Mahapatra Kaula Bhattaraka: Medieval Orissan Sanskrit text on temple Architecture

“The Silpa Prakasais an important addition to the existing literature on Indian Silpa Texts.” the text goes into a great detail of the architecture, the iconography and the symbolism of all the parts of the temple. Its unique contribution lies in the description of Yantras or symbolic diagrams underlying the architecture as well as sculpture. This edition will be extremely valuable for understanding not only temple construction but the entire symbolism underlying the unique temples of Orissa.

Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva

Three descriptive essays and numerous fascinating photographs, taken

especially for this volume, allow the reader to experience a major monument

of Indian art: the sixth century temple cave on Elephanta Island, in Bombay

harbor, and its extraordinary stone sculptures. The authors and the

photographer capture the atmosphere of the cave and the spirit of the

sculptures, which portray the relentless energy and paradoxical power of

Shiva, greatest of all Hindu gods. The photographs are particularly

successful in revealing the dramatic alternation of light and dark that is

so much a part of the beauty of the cave’s interior. Ms. Berkson’s trained

and loving eye picks out the subtleties of the main sculptures and humorous

details that the visitor might miss even on the site.

In the text Wendy O’Flaherty interprets the myths of Shiva depicted in the

sculpture; Ms. berkson’s essay supplies historical background and a

stylistic analysis; and George Michell examines the overall structure of

the cave to show that it is a mandala-like image of the heavenly mountain

residence of Shiva and even of the structure of the universe itself.

“The author as well as the publishers of the work deserve to be

congratulated for providing this easily accessible guide to Elephanta.”

Research Bulletin Vishveshvaranand

Vedic Research Institute,Vol.I, Dec.2002

Evolution of Stupas in Burma: Pagan Period: 11th to 13th Centuries A.D.)

This work is the outcome of painstaking research on the evolution of stupas in Burma, Pagan Period, 11th to 13th centuries a.d. Burma known as the land of pagodas is nowhere so rich in the number of pagodas as in Pagan. The stupendous vastness of the ruins reminiscent of the glory that was of Pagan

in its heyday inspired this study. The evolution traced back to the beginning of the stupa structure in India, deals with the various architectural phases (duly illustrated) it passed through ending with the final stage in the Rhwedagum Pagoda in Rangoon (Burma). Apart from the material side of the study, there is the need of looking into the aesthetic and spiritual side of the evolution. That religious architecture is a barometer of the material prosperity and social outlook of the people,

besides being the handmaid of the spiritual aspirations of the devotees, is amply discernible in this study.

The value of the art survey in this work is further enhanced by the inclusion of over 138 photographs. Moreover, besides the magnificent Pagan art, it gives a comparative view of the religious architectual development in the Asian countries contemporaneous with the Pagan Period.

Alice Boner Diaries: India 1934-1967

Apart from an insight into Alice Boner’s keen observation of Indian temple-architecture and art the present selection of her diary entries also depict the struggles of Alice Boner, the artist. In her work she strove to represent the spirit of India which her intensive experiences of over 40 years in the country revealed to her. Her experiences also included contact with personalities of the calibre of Rabindranath Tagore, Swami Laxman Joo, Sarojini Naidu, Ustad Alauddin Khan, and her admiration of Mahatma Gandhi. As a remarkable diarist Alice Boner puts her thoughts to pen in an elegant, eminently readable style. The reader feels with her the thrill and awe at the ancient monumental sights all over India, reads about her vision of the principles of sacred art, and shares with her the inner conflict of one torn between the two worlds of Europe and India. Over and over again this unique woman, with roots in the European culture, expresses her deep attachment to India. Most of the diary entries are in German and English and these have been retained for the sake of the originality of her fine expression, interspeersed with a selection of sketches from her vast repertoire. In addition, the German portions have been translated here for the benefit of English readers.

Exploring India’s Sacred Art: Selected Writings of Stella Kramrisch Ed. & with a biographical Essay

Exploring India’s Sacred Art presents a selection of Stella Kramrisch’s influential essays, along with a biographical essay. The writings collected here emphasize the cultural and symbolic values of Indian art. The first section discusses the social and religious contexts of art. This is followed by essays on various forms of ritual art. The section entitled “The Subtle Body” is derived from her term for the form that underlies concrete shapes; it includes studies of literary and visual symbolism. Further essays concentrate on formal and technical aspects of temple structure and painting in the context of their symbolic meaning. Over 150 illustrations, many of them prepared especially for this volume, provide a vital visual dimension to her writings. Also included is Joseph Dye’s comprehensive bibliography of her works. Exploring India’s Sacred Art testifies to the life and work of one of this century’s greatest art scholars and provides an unparalleled source of insight into Indian art and culture.

The Hindu Temple (2 Vols.)

The Hindu Temple is the sum total of architectural rites performed on the basis of its myth. The myth covers the ground and is the plan on which the structure is raised. It explains in detail the religious and spiritual significance of the temple b4y means of copious references to Sanskrit texts„both sacred and scientific. It depicts the Hindu Temple as not merely a heap of brick, stone or wood but a visible symbol of aspirations of pious men and women, the throbbings of their hearts in religious fervor and their endeavor for the attainment of salvation. The first four parts of this volume are devoted to the philosophy of temple architecture. Part V deals with the origin and development of the temple from the Vedic fire altars to the latest forms. Part VI discusses the pyramidal and curvilinear superstructures in the main varieties of the _ikhara, the

_ikhara enmeshed in Gavaksas and the composite _ikhara. Part VII described the proportional measurements and the rhythmic disposition of the garbha-grha and the vertical section. It discusses the proportions of the Mandapa and the types of temples described in the ancient sanskrit texts like the Brhatasmhita and the Samarnganasutradhara.

This most comprehensive and authoritative treatise of ancient Indian Temple Architecture will prove of immense help to the students of ancient Indian culture.

This two-volume work explains in detail the religious and spiritual significance of the temple by means of copious references to Sanskrit texts–both sacred and scientific. It depicts the Hindu Temple as not merely a heap of brick, stone or wood but a visible symbol of aspirations of pious men and women, the throbbings of their hearts in religious fervor and their endeavor for the attainment of salvation.

The first four parts of the work are devoted to the philosophy of temple architecture. Part V deals with the origin and development of the temple from the Vedic fire altars to the latest forms. Part VI discusses the pyramidal and curvilinear superstructures in the main varieties of the Sikhara, the Sikhara enmeshed in Gavaksas and the composite Sikhara. Part VII describes the proportional measurements and the rhythmic disposition of the garbha-grha and the vertical section. It discusses the proportions of the Mandapa and the types of temples described in ancient Sanskrit texts like the Brhatsamhita and the Samaranganasutradhara.

This most comprehensive and authoritative treatise of ancient Indian Temple Architecture will prove of immense help to the students of ancient Indian culture.

Contents (Vol. 1)

PART I: The Site, Part II: The Plan, Part III: Plan and Supernal Man, Part IV: The Substances of which the temple is built, Names and Origins of the Temple, Part VI. The Superstructure, Part VII: Proportionate Measurement and Varieties of the Temple (Volume 2) Part VIII: The Images of the Temple, Explanation of Plates, Appendix, Sources, Index, Plates I-IXXX.

Indian Sculpture: Ancient, Classical and Mediaeval

Anyone with an understanding of art in general and a knowledge, however slight, of Indian things, will, on being shown a work of Indian sculpture, unfailingly label it Indian. Differences in age and origin, however clearly marked to the discerning eye, when pointed out to the outsider, will be apprehended only with more or less difficulty. There is something so strong, and at the same time unique, in any Indian work of art that its ‘Indianness’ is felt first of all, and what it is, is seen only on second thought.

How this Indianness is expressed in terms of relation between line, surface, volume and other elements of visulisation is dealt with in this book. There are permanent qualities throughout the fabric of Indian sculpture which are discussed in detail. These essential qualities, all inter-related and inseparable, contain within their compass the life of Indian plastic art.

The book surveys the structure of Indian sculpture in its relevant aspects. The underlying and essential qualities are viewed in their permanency throughout the special conditions that the single monuments imply. Their outward connections, geographical and chronological, are seen to resolve themselves into ethical problems and those of the artistic process itself.

While stylistical investigations are the basis of this book, Indian sculpture is dealt with as conditioned by the Indian craftsman. His consciousness makes him known to himself as a part of nature and his work is the form of this ‘naturalism’. Its degree and aspects vary according to the levels of his consciousness.

The Art of Indian Asia, 2 Vols.: Its Mythology and Transformation: Volume One: Text, Volume Two: Plates

The present work is intended not as a handbook but as an introduction to its subject, to be read from beginning to end. Each section is preparation for the next. Chapter I, presenting as it does a brief historical outline of the transformations of Indian art as well as a key to the symbology of the forms, can be used as a guide during the first perusal of the pictures. For the reader then wishing to find quickly the several portions of text referring to any spefific group of monuments, a copious index has been supplied, together with textual references in the Description of Plates and cross-references in the footnotes. Marginal references to the Plates, furthermore, accompany the text. These should make possible an easy and rapid correlation of the materials of the two volumes.

The first two groups of Plates in the text volume illustrate, for the most part, the anthropological and comparative observations of the text. Included among them, however, are a few photographs that are indispensable to Dr. Zimmer’s argument but do not meet the aesthetic standard of the Plates volume. On the other hand, the final cluster of text Plates constitutes. an independent pictorial appendix, illustrating the miniature and Rajput art of the eleventh to nineteenth centuries A.D. Dr. Zimmer’s notes on this subject had not been developed beyond preliminary jottings, and could not be incorporated in any major section of the text. But since there is actually a rather special, very delicate, lyric quality about these paintings on palm leaf and paper, which sets them apart, somewhat from the tradition of the stone monuments, it is not inappropriate that they should be given a separate place.

Monolithic Jinas: The Iconography of the Jain Temples of Ellora

Monolithic Jinas: The Iconography of the Jain Temples of Ellora

About the Author(s)

CARMEL BERKSON

The Art of Ajanta and Sopocani: A Comprehensive Study

Pauranic Prana-aesthetics, a finer shade different from that of Vitalistic aesthetics (the earlier having breathing-rhythm of “Kshaya- Vriddhi” – diminution and augmentation – other than the latter’s emphasis only on the rhythm of augmentation) has been delineated in this study with examples from the world’s two of the best art-monuments: Ajanta (India), now not remaining unknown even to the most casual connoisseur, and Sopocani (Yugoslavia), the most significant and monumentally beautiful work of Byzantine art.

Tracing Prana-aesthetics as the aesthetics of inner-light coded in the creeper-motif by the artists of Ajanta, this work emphasises decoding of the creeper-motif by Byzantine artists culminating into the frescoes of Sopocani done in Hellenistic Byzantine aesthetics beatified by Hesycast meditation to which that

of Buddhists was not unknown. Comparisons of various determinant aspects, aesthetics and artistic denominators, and constraints not allowing similar consummation are properly investigated to substantiate the thesis that Pranaaesthetics transfigures at Ajanta but transubstantiates at Sopocani. The significance of the anabolic aspects of this aesthetics is highlighted especially as a way out from the reductivistic tendencies of the present day visualarts straining them upto the stage of catabolic dissolution.