Motilal Banarsidass

Roles and Rituals for Hindu Women

This book aims to fill a notable gap in the literature. Twelve contributors study the role of women in Hindu religion by examining textual studies of the part played by women in a variety of religion rituals, both past and present, by exploring the socio-religious context of their various communites; and by using specialist material to draw on cross-cultural conclusions.

The Indus Script and the Rg-veda

Since the publication of the concordances of the inscriptions of the Indus seals many people have been working on the solution of the riddle presented by the 5000 years old indus script of the Indus valley. At first sight the task does not appear too difficult, as there are pictograms that can easily be recognized as man, bird, fish, dog or plant or a part of them. A lot of signs are geometric, but this does seem to be an insurmountable obstacle either, since some of them resemble or are identical to the majuscules of the Greek and the Latin alphabet or found in the mudras of Indian dance and in the patterns of symbolic Indian art. The decipherments that were based on these similarities resulted, however, only in the reading of some inscriptions as more or less obscure names, sometimes not even a phonetic value could be given. Nevertheless they are often presented as complete decipherments to the public. On this account, the pretension that the Indus script is deciphered meets with increasing suspicion and is exposed to ridicule even. Many scholars working in this field are nowadays of the opinion that the Indus script is altogether indecipherablem if not a bilingual of considerable size turns up.

The approach to a decipherment presented in this volume make avail of bilingual, too, but its masterkey is the discovering of the symbolic and linguistic connection of the Indus signs with the Rg-Veda. More than 200 inscriptions, among them the longest and those with the most interesting motifs, have been decoded here by setting them word after wordin relation to Rg-Vedic verses. The results that were gained by this method of comparison for the pictographic and phonetic values of the Indus signs are surprising and far beyond the most daring phantasy. They have been summarised now in a complete sign-dictionary containing over 150 further inscriptions. At the same time many problems of the Rg-Veda could be solved and new insights be won, for example in the issue of the age of the Rg-Veda and the origin of the Vedic poets or the nature of the Soma plant.

Nizam Shahi Kingdom of Ahmadnagar

This work, based on Persian and non-Persian sources, contemporary and later, is an impartial study of the rise and fall of the Nizam Shahi Kingdom of Ahmadnagar, founded in 1490 A.D., conquered by Shahjahan and annexed to the Mughal empire in 1636 A.D. From the very beginning, Nizam Shahis, struggled against the neighbouring states of the North, the Daccan and the South, the rising power of the Portuguese and then against the expansionist designs of the Mughal Emperors, to preserve the local cultural traditions, political independence and also to maintain balance of power between the imperial power of the North and independent states of the Daccan. In their struggle against the Mughals, they were supported by the Portuguese, and the states of Bijapur and Golkunda, by the Marathas and Abyssinians.